在当今这个追求绿色能源的时代，太阳能作为一种取之不尽、用之不竭的清洁能源，正逐渐走进我们的生活。而光伏组件，作为太阳能发电的核心部件，它的质量和性能直接关系到太阳能系统的效率和寿命。那么，一块高性能的光伏组件是如何诞生的呢？今天，就让我们一起走进光伏组件的制造工艺，揭开它背后的神秘面纱。

In this era of pursuing green energy, solar energy, as a clean and inexhaustible source of power, is gradually becoming a part of our lives. The quality and performance of photovoltaic modules, which are the core components of solar power generation, directly affect the efficiency and lifespan of solar energy systems. So, how are high-performance photovoltaic modules born? Today, let's take a journey into the manufacturing process of photovoltaic modules and uncover the secrets behind their creation.

一、组件结构：半片组件的智慧设计

Half-Cut Module Structure: The Intelligent Design

光伏组件的结构设计是其高效性能的基础。目前，半片组件因其独特的优势而广受欢迎。半片组件通过将电池片切半，使电池工作电流减半，从而显著降低焊带上的电学损失，提高组件的电流转换矩阵（CTM）。这种设计不仅让电池之间的空隙增大，还能让更多的反射光照射到电池上，进一步提升发电效率。电池片电流越高，半片技术带来的价值越大。

The structure of photovoltaic modules is the foundation of their high-performance. Currently, half-cut modules are widely popular due to their unique advantages. By cutting solar cells in half, the working current of the cells is reduced by half. This significantly lowers electrical losses on the ribbons and improves the module's Current Transformation Matrix (CTM). This design not only increases the gaps between cells but also allows more reflected light to reach the cells, further enhancing power generation efficiency. The higher the cell current, the greater the value brought by half-cut technology.

二、串焊：串联起光明的起点

Stringing: The Beginning of Connecting Light

光伏组件的制造之旅从串焊开始。在这个环节中，工人或自动化设备会用焊带将各个电池片的正反面焊接起来，组成串联的电池串。这是组件制造的基础步骤，也是确保电流顺畅传输的关键。然而，这个过程并不简单，需要严格控制虚焊、过焊、裂片和焊接拉力等工艺问题。任何一个环节出现问题，都可能影响整个组件的性能。

The journey of manufacturing photovoltaic modules begins with stringing. In this step, workers or automated equipment use ribbons to connect the front and back sides of each cell, forming a series of interconnected strings. This is the fundamental step in module manufacturing and is crucial for ensuring smooth current transmission. However, this process is not easy. It requires strict control over virtual welding, over-welding, cell cracking, and welding tensile strength. Any issue in any step can affect the performance of the entire module.

三、叠层：精心搭建的“光伏大厦”

Layering: The Carefully Constructed “Photovoltaic Building”

串焊完成后，接下来就是叠层。经过检验合格的电池串会被放置在玻璃、EVA、背板等材料之间，按照一定的层次敷设好，为层压做好准备。这个过程就像是在搭建一座“光伏大厦”，需要确保电池串与玻璃等材料的相对位置准确无误，并调整好电池之间的距离。敷设的层次从下到上依次是：玻璃、EVA、电池、EVA、玻璃纤维、背板。只有这样，才能为后续的层压工艺打下坚实的基础。

After stringing, the next step is layering. The qualified cell strings are placed between glass, EVA, and backsheet materials, laid out in a specific order to prepare for lamination. This process is like constructing a “photovoltaic building,” requiring precise positioning of the strings relative to the glass and other materials, and adjusting the distance between cells. The laying order from bottom to top is: glass, EVA, cell, EVA, fiberglass, backsheet. Only in this way can a solid foundation be laid for the subsequent lamination process.

四、层压：关键一步，赋予组件生命力

Lamination: The Key Step to Endowing Modules with Vitality

层压是光伏组件制造的关键一步。将敷设好的电池放入层压机内，通过抽真空将组件内的空气抽出，然后加热使EVA熔化，将电池、玻璃和背板粘接在一起。最后，冷却取出组件。这个过程需要严格控制温度和时间，通常使用普通EVA时，层压循环时间约为10~15分钟，固化温度为135~145℃。在层压过程中，需要特别注意气泡、划伤、凹坑、鼓包和裂片等问题，因为这些问题可能会影响组件的性能和寿命。此外，在层压前，还需要进行严格的外观检查和EL检测，以确保组件的安全性和性能。

Lamination is a critical step in the manufacturing of photovoltaic modules. The laid-out cells are placed into the laminator. The air inside the module is evacuated, and then the EVA is melted by heating to bond the cells, glass, and backsheet together. The module is then cooled and removed. This process requires strict control over temperature and time. When using ordinary EVA, the lamination cycle time is about 10-15 minutes, and the curing temperature is 135-145°C. During lamination, special attention must be paid to issues such as bubbles, scratches, dents, bulges, and cell cracking, as these can affect the performance and lifespan of the module. Additionally, strict visual inspection and EL testing must be conducted before lamination to ensure the safety and performance of the module.

五、装框：为组件穿上“保护衣”

Framing: Dressing the Module in a “Protective Coat”

经过层压后的组件，需要进行装框。装框的目的是保护组件钢化玻璃的边角及层压后的组件，同时便于后期的工程安装。在这个过程中，需要严格控制凹坑、擦伤、划痕等问题，确保组件的外观和性能不受影响。此外，还需要注意安装孔是否缺失，以及背面是否有溢胶、气泡和缺胶等情况。

After lamination, the module needs to be framed. The purpose of framing is to protect the edges and corners of the tempered glass and the laminated module, as well as to facilitate subsequent installation. In this process, it is necessary to strictly control issues such as dents, abrasions, and scratches to ensure the appearance and performance of the module. Additionally, attention must be paid to whether the installation holes are missing and whether there is overflow glue, bubbles, and lack of glue on the back.

六、安装接线盒：电力的“传输站”

Junction Box Installation: The “Power Transmission Station”

装框完成后，接下来就是安装接线盒。接线盒的作用是连接并保护太阳能光伏组件，同时将光伏组件产生的电流传导出来供用户使用。在这个过程中，需要特别注意防止气泡和溢胶等问题，以确保接线盒的密封性和可靠性。

After framing, the next step is to install the junction box. The junction box connects and protects the solar photovoltaic module while conducting the electricity generated by the module for user use. In this process, special attention must be paid to preventing bubbles and overflow glue to ensure the sealing and reliability of the junction box.

七、固化：为组件筑牢“防护墙”

Curing: Building a “Protective Wall” for the Module

安装接线盒后，注入的密封胶需要进行固化。固化过程是通过控制时间、温度和湿度，使密封胶充分固化，增强组件的密封效果，保护组件免受后续外界恶劣环境的影响。这一步骤对于组件的长期稳定性和可靠性至关重要。

After the junction box is installed, the injected sealant needs to be cured. The curing process involves controlling time, temperature, and humidity to fully cure the sealant, enhancing the sealing effect of the module and protecting it from subsequent harsh external environments. This step is crucial for the long-term stability and reliability of the module.

八、测试：确保组件的卓越性能

Testing: Ensuring the Module's Outstanding Performance

最后一个环节是测试。通过测量电性能参数，确定组件的分档。主要测试包括绝缘耐压测试、接地连续性测试和IV测试。绝缘耐压测试用于检测边框与内部带电体（电池片、焊带等）之间在高压作用下的安全性；接地连续性测试用于检测边框与地之间的电阻，以确定边框接地性能是否良好；IV测试则用于测量电性能参数，确定组件的档次。只有通过这些严格的测试，才能确保组件的卓越性能和安全性。

The final step is testing. By measuring the electrical performance parameters, the module's classification is determined. The main tests include insulation voltage withstand test, ground continuity test, and IV test. The insulation voltage withstand test detects the safety between the frame and internal live parts (cells, ribbons, etc.) under high voltage; the ground continuity test checks the resistance between the frame and the ground to determine if the frame grounding performance is good; the IV test measures the electrical performance parameters to determine the module's classification. Only through these strict tests can the outstanding performance and safety of the module be ensured.

九、中步擎天：为光伏组件智造赋能

Chintiyan(zbqt） Energy: Empowering Photovoltaic Module Manufacturing

随着光伏产业的快速发展，光伏组件的制造工艺也在不断创新和升级。中步擎天作为光伏组件设备研发智造的先锋，始终致力于为光伏组件制造提供高效、智能的解决方案。我们的设备采用先进的技术，能够精准控制每一个制造环节，从串焊到层压，从装框到固化，确保每一个步骤都达到最高标准。中步擎天不仅关注设备的性能，更关注客户的实际需求，通过持续的技术创新和优质的服务，助力光伏产业迈向更高效、更环保的未来。

As the photovoltaic industry continues to grow rapidly, the manufacturing processes of photovoltaic modules are also constantly innovating and upgrading. Chintiyan(zbqt） Energy, as a pioneer in the research and development and intelligent manufacturing of photovoltaic module equipment, is always committed to providing efficient and intelligent solutions for the manufacturing of photovoltaic modules. Our equipment, equipped with advanced technology, can precisely control every manufacturing step, from stringing to lamination, from framing to curing, ensuring that each step meets the highest standards. Chintiyan(zbqt） Energy focuses not only on the performance of the equipment but also on the actual needs of our customers. Through continuous technological innovation and high-quality service, we are helping the photovoltaic industry move towards a more efficient and environmentally friendly future.